In the fall of 1732, William Cosby, a member of the British aristocracy, became the colonial governor of New York. As an incompetent, tyrannical and self-serving ruler, he quickly alienated the citizens of New York and, as a result, a core group instigated a broad-based popular uprising against him. In November 1733, John Peter Zenger (1697-1746) published his first issue of the New York Weekly Journal, which would soon become a political organ of those who attempted to bring Cosby down. Zenger's Journal contained particularly offensive attacks on Governor Cosby. They included biting personal jabs, which were judged as being quite inappropriate. The governor was described as having "loathsome false teeth and an unclean mouth." Circulating first-hand reports stated that he possessed a chronic case of the most offensive halitosis. In November 1734, Zenger was arrested and jailed for seditious libel. Fortunately for Zenger, he was defended by the colony's most prominent attorney, Andrew Hamilton. One day later, after only ten minutes of jury deliberation, Zenger was found not guilty. This famous first victory, later called the "germ of American freedom", paved the way to First Amendment Rights in America.
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by severe pain, inflammation, and joint deformity. Currently, it affects 1% of the population, with a projection to exceed 23 million cases by 2030. Despite significant advancements, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the first line of treatment, are associated with a range of adverse effects.
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial infiltration and pannus formation, and its rising incidence is significantly contributing to the global disability rate. Despite advances in biological drugs, no treatment has successfully cured or averted its progression. Consequently, natural drugs are being explored as alternative therapeutic strategies.
- Type 2 diabetes is a serious metabolic disease affecting about 422 million people worldwide, with 1.5 million annual deaths; current treatments fail to cure it, leading researchers to explore plant-derived natural drugs as potential therapies.
- This study focuses on investigating the antidiabetic effects of compounds from black rice, utilizing a variety of methods including antioxidant activity tests, GC-MS analysis for compound identification, and ADMET profiling to assess drug-like properties.
- Results identified 184 compounds in the extract, with 18 qualifying as potential therapeutic agents; key proteins involved in diabetes pathways were also pinpointed, and molecular docking showed promising binding interactions with specific proteins (AKT1 and ESR1) linked to diabetes management.
Introduction: International guidelines recommend definitive combination antibiotic therapy for the management of serious infections involving carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter (CRAB) species. The commonly available combination options include high-dose sulbactam, polymyxins, tetracyclines, and cefiderocol. Scanty prospective data exist to support this approach.
