Objective: To investigate the possible association between untreated ADHD symptoms (as measured by the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale) and persistent nonmedical use of prescription stimulants.
Method: Multinomial regression modeling was used to compare ADHD symptoms among three groups of college students enrolled in a longitudinal study over 4 years: (1) persistent nonmedical users of prescription stimulants, (2) persistent users of marijuana who did not use prescription stimulants nonmedically, and (3) consistent nonusers of drugs.
Results: ADHD symptoms were associated with being a persistent nonmedical user of prescription stimulants after adjustment for race/ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status, and other illicit drug use. No associations were observed between ADHD symptoms and being a persistent marijuana user or nonuser.
Conclusion: ADHD symptoms, and in particular inattention symptoms, appeared to be associated with nonmedical use of prescription stimulants.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054710367621 | DOI Listing |
JMIR Serious Games
January 2025
School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Optus Chair Digital Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
Background: This review explores virtual reality (VR) and exercise simulator-based interventions for individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Past research indicates that both VR and simulator-based interventions enhance cognitive functions, such as executive function and memory, though their impacts on attention vary.
Objective: This study aimed to contribute to the ongoing scientific discourse on integrating technology-driven interventions into the management and evaluation of ADHD.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
January 2025
Graduate School of PLA Medical College, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
Extensive researches illuminate a potential interplay between immune traits and psychiatric disorders. However, whether there is the causal relationship between the two remains an unresolved question. We conducted a two-sample bidirectional mendelian randomization by utilizing summary data of 731 immune cell traits from genome-wide association studies (GCST90001391-GCST90002121)) and 11 psychiatric disorders including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BIP), anorexia nervosa (AN), major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Tourette syndrome (TS), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia (SCZ), and substance use disorders (cannabis) (SUD) from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Atten Disord
January 2025
Occupational Therapy Research Group (InTeO, Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional), Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain.
Objective: To explore the association between telomere length (TL) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children at 6-12 years.
Method: Data from 1,759 children belonging to the HELIX project cohorts and the Asturias, Gipuzkoa and Valencia cohorts of INMA project were included. TL was determined by blood sample using a PCR protocol.
J Atten Disord
January 2025
Trinity University, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Purpose: Avoidant automatic thoughts (AAT) are thoughts that precede or accompany a delay in the starting or ending of a task. In a prior study of college students using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), AATs were frequent daily occurrences and participants with more severe ADHD symptoms at baseline reported more frequent AAT. Importantly, momentary presence of AAT was associated with greater task avoidance and inattentive symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Atten Disord
January 2025
University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Objective: Stimulant medications are the primary pharmacological intervention for ADHD, yet our understanding of how sex and gender impact stimulant treatment outcomes remains limited. Clinical guidelines do not differ for female and male individuals despite possible sex and gender-related differences in effectiveness, adverse events, and pharmacokinetics. This theoretical framework identifies five key knowledge gaps relating to sex and gender effects in stimulant treatment.
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