Idealized models of walking and running demonstrate that, energetically, walking should be favoured up to, and even somewhat over, those speeds and step lengths that can be achieved while keeping the stance leg under compression. Around these speeds, and especially with relatively long step lengths, computer optimization predicts a third, 'hybrid', gait: (inverted) pendular running (Srinivasan & Ruina 2006 Nature 439, 72-75 (doi:10.1038/nature04113)). This gait involves both walking-like vaulting mechanics and running-like ballistic paths. Trajectories of horizontal versus vertical centre of mass velocities-'hodographs'-over the step cycle are distinctive for each gait: anticlockwise for walk; clockwise for run; figure-of-eight for the hybrid gait. Both pheasants and guineafowl demonstrate each gait at close to the predicted speed/step length combinations, although fully aerial ballistic phases are never achieved during the hybrid or 'Grounded Inverted Pendular Running' gait.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3001358 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0256 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Beakiation: how a novel parrot gait expands the locomotor repertoire of living birds.
R Soc Open Sci
January 2024
Department of Anatomy, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York, NY, USA.
Occupation of arboreal habitats poses myriad locomotor challenges, driving both anatomical and behavioural innovations across various tetrapod lineages. Here, we report and biomechanically assess a novel, beak-driven locomotor mode-'beakiation'-by which parrots advance along the underside of narrow arboreal substrates. Using high-speed videography and kinetic analyses, we describe the limb loading patterns and pendular mechanics of beakiation, and compare the biomechanical characteristics of this gait with other suspensory behaviours (namely, forelimb-driven brachiation and inverted quadrupedal walking).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHumans prioritize walking efficiency or walking stability based on environmental risk.
PLoS One
April 2023
Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America.
In human gait, the body's mechanical energy at the end of one step is reused to achieve forward progression during the subsequent step, thereby reducing the required muscle work. During the single stance phase, humans rely on the largely uncontrolled passive inverted pendular motion of the body to perpetuate forward motion. These passive body dynamics, while improving walking efficiency, also indicate lower passive dynamic stability in the anterior direction, since the individual will be less able to withstand a forward external perturbation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRocker-profile design shoes improve pendular energy recovery in walking with no effects on total mechanical work.
J Biomech
November 2022
Laboratory of Physiomechanics of Locomotion, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy. Electronic address:
Rocker-profile design shoes are commonly used in clinical settings. Such footwear reduces in-shoe pressure over the forefoot area during the gait, and depending on the rocker-profile type (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNordic walking training in elderly, a randomized clinical trial. Part II: Biomechanical and metabolic adaptations.
Sports Med Open
January 2020
Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, 90690-200, Brazil.
Background: Nordic walking is an attractive method of endurance training. Nevertheless, the biomechanic response due to the additional contribution of using poles in relation to free walking training has been less explored in the elderly.
Purpose: This randomized parallel controlled trial aimed to assess the effects of 8 weeks of Nordic walking and free walking training on the walking economy, mechanical work, metabolically optimal speed, and electromyographic activation in elderly.
External Mechanical Work and Pendular Energy Transduction of Overground and Treadmill Walking in Adolescents with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy.
Front Physiol
May 2016
Institute of Sport Sciences of University of Lausanne, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland.
Purpose: Motor impairments affect functional abilities and gait in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). Improving their walking is an essential objective of treatment, and the use of a treadmill for gait analysis and training could offer several advantages in adolescents with CP. However, there is a controversy regarding the similarity between treadmill and overground walking both for gait analysis and training in children and adolescents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!