AI Article Synopsis

Article Abstract

Background: In an effort to better understand the molecular networks that underpin macrophage activation we have been assembling a map of relevant pathways. Manual curation of the published literature was carried out in order to define the components of these pathways and the interactions between them. This information has been assembled into a large integrated directional network and represented graphically using the modified Edinburgh Pathway Notation (mEPN) scheme.

Results: The diagram includes detailed views of the toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways, other pathogen recognition systems, NF-kappa-B, apoptosis, interferon signalling, MAP-kinase cascades, MHC antigen presentation and proteasome assembly, as well as selected views of the transcriptional networks they regulate. The integrated pathway includes a total of 496 unique proteins, the complexes formed between them and the processes in which they are involved. This produces a network of 2,170 nodes connected by 2,553 edges.

Conclusions: The pathway diagram is a navigable visual aid for displaying a consensus view of the pathway information available for these systems. It is also a valuable resource for computational modelling and aid in the interpretation of functional genomics data. We envisage that this work will be of value to those interested in macrophage biology and also contribute to the ongoing Systems Biology community effort to develop a standard notation scheme for the graphical representation of biological pathways.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2892459PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-0509-4-63DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

pathogen recognition
8
construction large
4
large scale
4
scale integrated
4
integrated map
4
map macrophage
4
macrophage pathogen
4
recognition effector
4
systems
4
effector systems
4

Similar Publications

Clavibacter michiganensis (Cmm), designated as an A2 quarantine pest by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), incites bacterial canker of tomato, which presently eludes rapid and effective control methodologies. Dense biofilms formed by Cmm shield internal bacteria from host immune defenses and obstruct the ingress of agrochemicals. Even when agrochemicals disintegrate biofilms, splashing and bouncing during application disperse active ingredients away from target sites.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Oral administration of LEAP2 enhances immunity against Edwardsiella tarda through regulation of gut bacterial community and metabolite in mudskipper.

Fish Shellfish Immunol

January 2025

State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P.R. China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P.R. China. Electronic address:

The liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is gaining recognition for its immune regulatory functions beyond direct antimicrobial activity. In this study, we investigated the role of mudskipper (Boleophthalmus pectinirostris) LEAP2 (BpLEAP2) in enhancing the survival, gut health, and immune resilience against Edwardsiella tarda infection. Pre-oral delivery of BpLEAP2 significantly improved survival rates and mitigated infection-induced damage to the gut, as evidenced by preserved villus length and goblet cell count.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Nucleic acid recognition during prokaryotic immunity.

Mol Cell

January 2025

Laboratory of Bacteriology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. Electronic address:

Parasitic elements often spread to hosts through the delivery of their nucleic acids to the recipient. This is particularly true for the primary parasites of bacteria, bacteriophages (phages) and plasmids. Although bacterial immune systems can sense a diverse set of infection signals, such as a protein unique to the invader or the disruption of natural host processes, phage and plasmid nucleic acids represent some of the most common molecules that are recognized as foreign to initiate defense.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Viruses engage in a variety of processes to subvert host defenses and create an environment amenable to replication. Here, using rotavirus as a prototype, we show that calcium conductance out of the endoplasmic reticulum by the virus encoded ion channel, , induces intercellular calcium waves that extend beyond the infected cell and contribute to pathogenesis. Viruses that lack the ability to induce this signaling show diminished viral shedding and attenuated disease in a mouse model of rotavirus diarrhea.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Plasticity of cell death pathways ensures GSDMD activation during Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection.

Cell Rep

January 2025

Immunology Translational Research Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore. Electronic address:

Macrophages express pattern recognition and cytokine receptors that mediate proinflammatory signal transduction pathways to combat microbial infection. To retaliate against such responses, pathogenic microorganisms have evolved multiple strategies to impede innate immune signaling. Recent studies demonstrated that YopJ suppression of TAK1 signaling during Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection promotes the assembly of a RIPK1-dependent death-inducing complex that enables caspase-8 to directly cleave and activate gasdermin D (GSDMD).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!