Interaction of more than two chemicals from foods is a very important factor for carcinogenic risk assessment and management. 2-Amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), one of the most abundant carcinogenic heterocyclic amines in cooked foods, is speculated to be a human liver carcinogen. MeIQx is metabolically activated by CYP1A2 and then N-acetyltransferase (NAT), findings that suggest that its carcinogenic potential might be enhanced by simultaneous exposure to chemical(s) inducing CYP1A2. Therefore, we here investigated the effects of alpha- and beta-naphthoflavone as CYP1A2 inducers on MeIQx-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis in a medium-term rat liver bioassay. Unexpectedly, no modifying influence of naphthoflavones on MeIQx-induced hepatocarcinogenesis was demonstrated with reference to glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci in the liver, although up-regulation of CYP1A2 was detected on Western blot analysis. Activity of NAT was not affected. In MeIQx-treated rats, CYP1A expression was mainly detected in zone 3 of the liver where GST-P positive foci were preferentially located, while naphthoflavones alone or combinations of naphthoflavones and MeIQx induced CYP1A expression in zone 1. This difference in intralobular distribution of CYP1A might be related to the fact that MeIQx hepatocarcinogenesis was not modified by the two CYP1A inducers.
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