In this work, the esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) in waste cooking oil catalysed by ferric sulphate was studied as a pre-treatment step for biodiesel production. The effects of reaction time, methanol to oil ratio, catalyst concentration and temperature on the conversion of FFA were investigated on a laboratory scale. The results showed that the conversion of FFA reached equilibrium after an hour, and was positively dependent on the methanol to oil molar ratio and temperature. An optimum catalyst concentration of 2 wt.% gave maximum FFA conversion of 59.2%. For catalyst loadings of 2 wt.% and below, this catalysed esterification was proposed to follow a pseudo-homogeneous pathway akin to mineral acid-catalysed esterification, driven by the H(+) ions produced through the hydrolysis of metal complex [Fe(H(2)O)(6)](3+) (aq).
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.04.028 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Impact of antibiotics, iron oxide, and sodium sulfate on microbial community composition in laboratory-built municipal solid waste microcosms.
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills represent underexplored microbial ecosystems. Landfills contain variable amounts of antibiotic and construction and demolition (C&D) wastes, which have the potential to alter microbial metabolism due to biocidal or redox active components, and these effects are largely underexplored. To circumvent the challenge of MSW heterogeneity, we conducted a 65-day time series study on simulated MSW microcosms to assess microbiome changes using 16S rRNA sequencing in response to 1) Fe(OH)3 and 2) Na2SO4 to represent redox active components of C&D waste as well as 3) antibiotics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe role of pre-coagulation in wastewater nitrogen removal: Greenhouse gas emission reduction.
J Environ Manage
January 2025
School of Environmental Science and Resources, Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China. Electronic address:
In order to achieve the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, more and more industries were carrying out carbon emission reduction. Of course, carbon emission reduction in the wastewater treatment was also crucial. This study developed a pre-coagulation process to prevent some pollutants (28-33% of total nitrogen and other pollutants such as organic matter) from entering the biochemical treatment stage, thereby reducing carbon emissions in the wastewater treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffectiveness and Safety of Liposomal Ferric Pyrophosphate vs. Ferrous Sulfate for Intermittent Iron Prophylaxis in Children Aged 6-59 months: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Indian J Pediatr
January 2025
Department of Community Medicine, KAHER's Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.
E-waste recycling in an optimized way for copper recovery by leaching and a case study on E-waste generation and management in Dhaka city.
Heliyon
January 2025
Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
The widespread adoption of electronic devices has enhanced living standards but has also led to a surge in electronic waste (e-waste), creating serious environmental and health challenges. Although various methods exist to recover valuable metals from e-waste, each has notable drawbacks. Among these, chemical leaching with aqua regia is widely used but is both highly corrosive and hazardous.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlutathione-scavenging natural-derived ferroptotic nano-amplifiers strengthen tumor therapy through aggravating iron overload and lipid peroxidation.
J Control Release
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China. Electronic address:
Nanomedicine-driven ferroptosis has emerged as a promising tumor treatment strategy through delivering exogenous iron and aggravating the lethal accumulation of lipid peroxides (LPO). However, the compensatory mechanisms of ferroptosis defense systems in cancer cells compromise the therapeutic efficacy and lead to potential side effects. Herein, a highly effective ferroptotic nano-amplifier is designed to synergistically promote ferroptosis via increasing intracellular labile iron, exacerbating lipid peroxidation and overcoming the defense system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!