J Mol Neurosci
Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
Published: November 2010
The major pelvic ganglia (MPG) contain both parasympathetic and sympathetic postganglionic neurons and provide much of the autonomic innervation to urogenital organs and components of the lower bowel. Whereas many parasympathetic neurons were found to express vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), no MPG neurons exhibited immunoreactivity for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). However, in 3-day cultured MPGs, numerous PACAP-IR cells and nerve fibers were present, and transcript levels for PACAP increased significantly. In 3-day cultured MPGs, PACAP immunoreactivity was seen in cells that were also immunoreactive for VIP or neuronal nitric oxide synthase, but not tyrosine hydroxylase, indicating that PACAP expression occurred preferentially in MPG parasympathetic postganglionic neurons. Transcript levels for the VPAC2, but not VPAC1 or PAC1 receptor, also increased significantly following 3 days in culture. Transcript levels of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF-3), a marker of cellular injury, were increased 64-fold in 3-day explants, and ATF-3-IR nuclei were evident in both TH-IR and nNOS-IR neurons as well as in non-neuronal cells. In sum, these results demonstrate that, although only the parasympathetic neurons in explant cultured MPGs increase expression of PACAP, both sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons in the cultured MPG whole-mount increase expression of ATF-3.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2955793 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12031-010-9359-4 | DOI Listing |
Nat Commun
December 2024
Laboratory for Comparative Connectomics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
The sympathetic nervous system is crucial for responding to environmental changes. This regulation is coordinated by the spinal sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs), innervating both postganglionic neurons and the adrenal gland. Despite decades of research supporting the concept of selective control within this system, the neural circuit organization responsible for the output specificity remains poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
November 2024
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most significant health issues worldwide, with associated healthcare costs estimated to surpass USD 1054 billion by 2045. The leading cause of death in T2DM patients is the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the early stages of T2DM, patients develop cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction due to the withdrawal of cardiac parasympathetic activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBone Res
November 2024
Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common complication of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy. Recent advances demonstrate that sympathetic nerves regulate bone homeostasis, and GCs lower the sympathetic tone. Here, we show that the dramatically decreased sympathetic tone is closely associated with the pathogenesis of GC-induced ONFH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCardiovasc Res
September 2024
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
Aims: Renal denervation (RDN) is widely investigated in multiple studies of sympathetically driven cardiovascular diseases. While the therapeutic potential of RDN for ventricular arrhythmia has been reported, the mechanisms responsible for its antiarrhythmic effect are poorly understood. Our recent study showed that macrophage expansion-induced neuroinflammation in the stellate ganglion (SG) was a critical factor for cardiac sympathetic overactivation and ventricular arrhythmogenesis in chronic heart failure (CHF).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBJA Open
September 2024
STIMULUS Research Group, Cluster Neurosciences, Center for Neurosciences (C4N) and Pain in Motion (PAIN) Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!
© LitMetric 2025. All rights reserved.