The basic mechanisms underlying the formation of coated vesicles are now defined in considerable detail. This article highlights recent developments in our understanding of the problem of exporting large macromolecular cargo such as procollagen from the endoplasmic reticulum and discusses the implications that this has for cell and tissue organisation and human disease.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3410/b1-65 | DOI Listing |
BMC Med
January 2025
Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is often diagnosed at an advanced stage due to the lack of non-invasive early detection tools, which significantly impacts patient prognosis. Given that glycosylation alterations especially high sialylation and fucosylation, frequently occur during cellular malignant transformation, but their roles are not elucidated. We examined alterations in disease-specific glycosylated extracellular vesicles (EVs)-derived miRNAs in the serum of ESCC patients, evaluating their utility as diagnostic biomarkers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Virol
January 2025
National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Coronaviruses are characterized by their progeny assembly and budding in the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). Our previous studies demonstrated that truncation of 9 amino acids in the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) spike (S) protein impairs its localization to the ERGIC, resulting in increased expression at the plasma membrane. However, the precise mechanism underlying this phenomenon remained elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi 201314, India.
Cancer cells produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) coated with an anionic sugar polymer, hyaluronan (HA), in the extracellular matrix. Hyaluronan is an established cancer biomarker in several cancer types. In this work, we thoroughly investigated the electrical properties of HA-coated EVs using advanced scanning probe microscopy (SPM) based nanoelectrical modes, which include EFM (electrostatic force microscopy), KPFM (Kelvin probe force microscopy), PFM (piezoresponse force microscopy) and C-AFM (conductive atomic force microscopy).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
Organoid Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone mineral density and a heightened risk of fractures. Therapies for OP have primarily focused on balancing bone formation and bone resorption, but enhancing the remineralization of osteoporotic bone is also a key strategy for effective repair. Recent insights into biomineralization mechanisms have highlighted the essential role of mineral-containing extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by osteoblasts in promoting bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (BMSC) differentiation and initiating matrix mineralization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Cell
January 2025
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
Super-resolution methods provide far better spatial resolution than the optical diffraction limit of about half the wavelength of light (∼200-300 nm). Nevertheless, they have yet to attain widespread use in plants, largely due to plants' challenging optical properties. Expansion microscopy improves effective resolution by isotropically increasing the physical distances between sample structures while preserving relative spatial arrangements and clearing the sample.
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