In recent years, a substantial body of evidence has accumulated suggesting that the hypothalamic peptide hormone kisspeptin and its cognate receptor, G-protein-coupled receptor 54, play a fundamental role both as gatekeepers for the initiation of puberty and in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This review discusses the physiology of the kisspeptin signalling system and examines how findings from animal and human studies have contributed to our understanding of the pathophysiology of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000312691 | DOI Listing |
Physiol Behav
January 2025
University of Northern Parana (UNOPAR), Londrina, PR, Brazil.. Electronic address:
Undernutrition has increased worldwide in recent years and it is known that environmental factors to which individuals are exposed in early life can result in metabolic and reproductive changes that remain in adult life. In this context, the litter size expansion is a classic model used to induce undernutrition early in development. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of neonatal undernutrition induced by the litter size expansion on metabolic and reproductive parameters of female rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReprod Sci
January 2025
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine-metabolic disorder, and multiple factors contribute to its pathophysiology. The current study assessed a PCOS-like animal model induced by consuming a high-fat sugar (HFHS) diet and compared the treatment outcome of mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants versus heat therapy. Sixty rats were divided into the following study groups: three control groups (negative and positive for the treatments used), HFHS, hot tub therapy (HTT) treatment, and MitoQ10 treatment (500 µmol/L MitoQ10 in clean drinking water daily, from week fourteen till week twenty-two of the study).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Pharm
January 2025
Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China. Electronic address:
Kisspeptins function as endogenous ligands for the G protein-coupled receptor GPR54. While the primary role of the Kisspeptin/GPR54 signaling pathway pertains to reproduction, several studies have shown that GPR54 is highly expressed in breast cancer, and we further confirmed this result that GPR54 expression is significantly upregulated in breast cancer cells. Based on this finding, we developed a liposomal drug delivery system utilizing the Kisspeptin/GPR54 system to treat breast cancer after confirming the safety of Kp-10-228.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurosci
January 2025
Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Hun-Ren Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, 1083 Hungary;
While hypothalamic kisspeptin (KP) neurons play well-established roles in the estrogen-dependent regulation of reproduction, little is known about extrahypothalamic KP-producing (KP) neurons of the lateral septum. As established previously, expression in this region is low and regulated by estrogen receptor- and GABA receptor-dependent mechanisms. Our present experiments on knock-in mice revealed that transgene expression in the LS begins at P33-36 in females and P40-45 in males and is stimulated by estrogen receptor signaling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetabolism
December 2024
Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba; and Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address:
Female reproduction is highly sensitive to body energy stores; persistent energy deficit, as seen in anorexia or strenuous exercise, is known to suppress ovulation via ill-defined mechanisms. We report herein that hypothalamic SIRT1, a key component of the epigenetic machinery that links nutritional status and puberty onset via modulation of Kiss1, plays a critical role in the control of the preovulatory surge of gonadotropins, i.e.
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