Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3098
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 3100
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3100
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
The 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) model leads to chronic cholestatic liver injury and therefore resembles human diseases such as sclerosing cholangitis and forms of metabolic liver diseases. The role of the interleukin-6/glycoprotein 130 (gp130) system in this context is still undefined. Therefore, conditional gp130 knockout and knockin mice were used to achieve hepatocyte-specific deletions of gp130 (gp130(Deltahepa)), gp130-dependent ras (gp130(DeltahepaRas)), and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) (gp130(DeltahepaSTAT)) activation. These mice were treated with a DDC-containing diet and analyzed over time. Mice deficient in hepatic gp130 and STAT signaling showed increased and earlier mortality than wild-type and gp130(DeltahepaRas) animals. Over time, significantly more apoptosis and cholestasis became evident in gp130(Deltahepa) and gp130(DeltahepaSTAT) mice. These mice also displayed increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression, a diminished acute-phase response (lack of STAT3 and serum amyloid A activation), and enhanced immune cell infiltration in the liver. These were associated with stronger periportal oval cell activation. In addition, DDC treatment in gp130(Deltahepa) and gp130(DeltahepaSTAT) mice resulted in significantly stronger hepatic stellate cell activation. Long-term analysis revealed the development of severe liver fibrosis in gp130(Deltahepa) and gp130(DeltahepaSTAT) animals, as evidenced by increased collagen accumulation. Here we demonstrate that gp130/STAT signaling in hepatocytes provides protection in a cholestatic hepatitis mouse model. STAT3-dependent signaling pathways in hepatocytes protect from apoptosis and tissue injury, which subsequently reduce oval cell activation and prevent fibrosis progression.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2861089 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.2353/ajpath.2010.090469 | DOI Listing |
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