Detection of human papillomavirus in a urothelial carcinoma mimicking urethral caruncle.

Primary carcinoma of the female urethra is an uncommon diagnosis, accounting for less than 0.02% of all carcinomas in women. Urothelial carcinomas occupying the distal urethra in young females are considered to be extremely rare. Here we report what we believe to be the sixth case of primary urothelial carcinoma in the published English-language literature. The patient, a 26-year-old woman, presented with a distal urethral lesion that resembled a caruncle, but which was proved to be a urothelial carcinoma on histopathological examination of the resected specimen. Human papillomavirus type 51 DNA was detected in the tumor by polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. These findings suggest that human papillomavirus might be involved in a subset of urothelial carcinomas of the urethra.