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Effects, Mechanisms of Action and Application of Vitex agnus-castus for Improvement of Health and Female Reproduction.
Phytother Res
January 2025
Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
This narrative review describes the provenance and chemical composition of Vitex agnus-castus, as well as the currently available knowledge concerning its action. To search the related articles, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS databases between the years 1995 and 2024, and the keywords "Vitex," "review," "fertility," "ovarian" and "mechanisms" were used in various combinations. The data listed in this review demonstrate that Vitex agnus-castus and its constituents (isoflavones and essential oils) affect a number of physiological actions via multiple extra- and intracellular mechanisms of action.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFModulation of Second Messenger Signaling in the Brain Through PDE4 and PDE5 Inhibition: Therapeutic Implications for Neurological Disorders.
Cells
January 2025
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes regulate intracellular signaling pathways crucial for brain development and the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. Among the 11 PDE subtypes, PDE4 and PDE5 are particularly significant due to their regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling, respectively, which are vital for learning, memory, and neuroprotection. This review synthesizes current evidence on the roles of PDE4 and PDE5 in neurological health and disease, focusing on their regulation of second messenger pathways and their implications for brain function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEXO: A Dual-Mechanism Stimulator of Interferon Genes Activator for Cancer Immunotherapy.
ACS Nano
January 2025
Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
As natural agonists of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) protein, cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) can activate the STING pathway, leading to the expression of type I interferons and various cytokines. Efficient activation of the STING pathway in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and tumor cells is crucial for antitumor immune response. Tumor-derived exosomes can be effectively internalized by APCs and tumor cells and have excellent potential to deliver CDNs to the cytoplasm of APCs and tumor cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTDP43 augments astrocyte inflammatory activity through mtDNA-cGAS-STING axis in NMOSD.
J Neuroinflammation
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Center for Medical Research on Innovation and Translation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
Abnormality in transactivating response region DNA binding protein 43 (TDP43) is well-recognized as the pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the role of TDP43 in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) remains unknown. Here, our observations demonstrate an upregulation of TDP43 in both in vitro and in vivo models of NMOSD, as well as in biological samples from NMOSD patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe role of GPR81-cAMP-PKA pathway in endurance training-induced intramuscular triglyceride accumulation and mitochondrial content changes in rats.
J Physiol Sci
January 2025
Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; School of Physical Education and Sports, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; Department of Physical Education, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065, Chengdu, China. Electronic address:
The athlete's paradox phenomenon involves the accumulation of intramuscular triglycerides (IMTG) in both insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive endurance athletes. Nevertheless, a complete understanding of this phenomenon is yet to be achieved. Recent research indicates that lactate, a common byproduct of physical activity, may increase the accumulation of IMTG in skeletal muscle.
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