Photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) with a potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser and Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) currently represent the most promising new technologies applied to the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) associated with benign prostatic obstruction (BPO). The specific laser-light characteristics and the optimal interactions between lasers and prostatic tissue result in an even and efficient ablation of the prostate resulting in the formation of a clearly de-obstructed prostate cavity. PVP and HoLEP can be considered day-case procedures, as they require only a few hours of catheterization and are associated with minimal postoperative discomfort, while at the same time they offer results at least equivalent to the reference standards transurethral resection of the prostate and open prostatectomy. There is no doubt that larger studies with longer follow up are necessary to further define the durability of results of PVP and HoLEP in the management of BPH, this review will address current issues regarding how both techniques are performed, their results and limitations as well as their role in the future management of BPH.
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