Nigral neurodegeneration triggered by striatal AdIL-1 administration can be exacerbated by systemic IL-1 expression.

Neuroinflammation has been proposed as an important component of Parkinson's Disease (PD) aetiology and/or progression. However, the inflammatory components and the mechanisms underlying their effects are only partially known. By injecting an adenovirus expressing IL-1 in the striatum, we provoked progressive neurodegeneration of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra, motor symptoms and microglial activation. All these effects were attenuated by an anti-inflammatory treatment. Interestingly, peripheral inflammatory stimuli exacerbated IL-1beta induced neurodegeneration and the central inflammatory reaction. These data provide evidence that central, chronic IL-1beta expression can trigger and systemic IL-1beta exacerbate nigral neurodegeneration and highlight the functional relevance of this cytokine in PD.