An optical technique for determination of crystal orientations is described. This technique uses texture etching to generate pseudoperiodic surface structures whose groove shape is characteristic of the surface orientation. When such a textured surface is illuminated with monochromatic light, a far-field diffraction pattern characteristic of the surface orientation is observed. A procedure for analysis of diffraction patterns to determine crystal orientations is discussed. Results obtained by this technique agree very well with those using the x-ray Laue technique.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.20.001758 | DOI Listing |
Nature
January 2025
Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
Piezoelectric materials directly convert between electrical and mechanical energies. They are used as transducers in applications such as nano-positioning and ultrasound imaging. Improving the properties of these devices requires piezoelectric materials capable of delivering a large longitudinal strain on the application of an electric field.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Chem
January 2025
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Atomically precise nanoclusters can be assembled into ordered superlattices with unique electronic, magnetic, optical and catalytic properties. The co-crystallization of nanoclusters with functional organic molecules provides opportunities to access an even wider range of structures and properties, but can be challenging to control synthetically. Here we introduce a supramolecular approach to direct the assembly of atomically precise silver nanoclusters into a series of nanocluster‒organic ionic co-crystals with tunable structures and properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Asian J
January 2025
Ritsumeikan University, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, 525-8577, Kusatsu, JAPAN.
In this study, anion-responsive π-conjugated macrocycles were synthesized to demonstrate anion-binding and ion-pairing properties along with the ordered structures. Ion-pairing charge-by-charge assembly of a [1+2]-type complex of a macrocycle as a pseudo π-electronic anion and a countercation was revealed by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Further, two-dimensional (2D) arrays of the macrocycles bearing alkoxy chains, exhibiting anion-driven disordered structures, were constructed on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrate as observed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall Methods
January 2025
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
Recent advances in biomolecular self-assembly have transformed material science, enabling the creation of novel materials with unparalleled precision and functionality. Among these innovations, 3D DNA crystals have emerged as a distinctive class of macroscopic materials, engineered through the bottom-up approach by DNA self-assembly. These structures uniquely combine precise molecular ordering with high programmability, establishing their importance in advanced material design.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
Long-standing challenges including notorious side reactions at the Zn anode, low Zn anode utilization, and rapid cathode degradation at low current densities hinder the advancement of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). Inspired by the critical role of capping agents in nanomaterials synthesis and bulk crystal growth, a series of capping agents are employed to demonstrate their applicability in AZIBs. Here, it is shown that the preferential adsorption of capping agents on different Zn crystal planes, coordination between capping agents and Zn ions, and interactions with metal oxide cathodes enable preferred Zn (002) deposition, water-deficient Zn ion solvation structure, and a dynamic cathode-electrolyte interface.
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