The biosynthesis of the zinc finger transcription factor Egr-1 is stimulated by many extracellular signaling molecules including hormones, neurotransmitters, growth and differentiation factors. The Egr-1 gene represents a convergence point for many intracellular signaling cascades. An increase of the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, by activating ionotropic or Galpha(q/11)-coupled receptors or voltage-gated L-type Ca(2+) channels, is often the prerequisite for enhanced Egr-1 gene transcription. This increase has been observed following stimulation with extracellular signaling molecules including ATP, glutamate, thrombin, carbachol, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, or glucose. Egr-1 is thus a Ca(2+) regulated transcription factor - similar to CREB, NFAT, NF-kappaB and others. This review also discusses the importance of the cytoplasmic and nuclear Ca(2+) concentration in transcriptional regulation of the Egr-1 gene.
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