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NGS Detects Extensive Genomic Alterations in Survivors of Irradiated Normal Human Fibroblast Cells.
Radiat Res
December 2024
Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany.
It is thought that cells surviving ionizing radiation exposure repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and restore their genomes. However, the recent biochemical and genetic characterization of DSB repair pathways reveals that only homologous recombination (HR) can function in an error-free manner and that the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways canonical NHEJ (c-NHEJ), alternative end joining (alt-EJ), and single-strand annealing (SSA) are error-prone, and potentially leave behind genomic scars and altered genomes. The strong cell cycle restriction of HR to S/G2 phases and the unparalleled efficiency of c-NHEJ throughout the cell cycle, raise the intriguing question as to how far a surviving cell "reaches" after repairing the genome back to its pre-irradiation state.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSimplifying coronary artery disease risk stratification: development and validation of a questionnaire-based alternative comparable to clinical risk tools.
EBioMedicine
December 2024
Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) comprises one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality both in the European population and globally. All established clinical risk stratification scores and models require blood lipids and physical measurements. The latest reports of the European Commission suggest that attracting health professionals to collect these data can be challenging, both from a logistic and cost perspective, which limits the usefulness of established models and makes them unsuitable for population-wide screening in resource-limited settings, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrbital and suborbital temperature variability in the central Mediterranean across the Pliocene/Pleistocene transition.
PLoS One
December 2024
Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy.
A high-resolution record of central Mediterranean Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) based on the alkenone UK'37 index and planktic δ18O values for the surface-dweller G. ruber has been reconstructed across the Pliocene/Pleistocene transition at Monte San Nicola (Sicily), reference area for the GSSP (Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point) of the Gelasian Stage. Spectral analyses indicate that the SST record is predominantly paced by a cyclicity in the ~47 kyr time domain, consistent with the obliquity driven glacial-interglacial variability that is expected to dominate in the interval of relevance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn-room cytologic evaluation by trained endosonographer for determination of procedure end in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy of solid pancreatic lesions: a prospective study in Taiwan.
Clin Endosc
December 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Background/aims: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) is an essential tool for tissue acquisition in solid pancreatic tumors. Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) by cytologists ensures diagnostic accuracy. However, the universal application of the ROSE is limited by its availability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSymScore: Machine learning accuracy meets transparency in a symbolic regression-based clinical score generator.
Comput Biol Med
December 2024
Department of Mathematical Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Mathematics Group, Pioneer Research Center for Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Self-report questionnaires play a crucial role in healthcare for assessing disease risks, yet their extensive length can be burdensome for respondents, potentially compromising data quality. To address this, machine learning-based shortened questionnaires have been developed. While these questionnaires possess high levels of accuracy, their practical use in clinical settings is hindered by a lack of transparency and the need for specialized machine learning expertise.
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