Chronic copper poisoning with an acute hemolytic crisis is described in 2 mature Holstein dairy cows from separate herds. Toxic concentrations of copper were present in the serum and in liver and kidney tissues of each cow. There was no history of environmental or dietary exposure to excessive quantities of copper. No further clinical cases of chronic copper toxicosis were observed in the herds. As well as massive hemolysis, in both cows there was involvement of other organ systems including the liver and kidneys which contributed to the clinical course of the disease.
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