Treatment of lobar atelectasis with bronchoscopically administered recombinant human deoxyribonuclease in cystic fibrosis?

Introduction: Recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase) reduces sputum viscosity and improves pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis (CF).

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe our experience in which rhDNase (Pulmozyme; Roche, Basel, Switzerland) was administered by bronchoscopic instillation into atelectatic lobes in five adults with CF.

Conclusion: We found this method successful in treating lobar atelectasis, which was resistant to conventional therapy with antibiotics and physiotherapy. In all but one of the cases we described, administration of DNase in this manner resulted in a radiographic and clinical improvement of the atelectasis. We recommend that respiratory physicians consider this as a second line treatment in the management of atelectasis.