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Is Word Order Responsive to Morphology? Disentangling Cause and Effect in Morphosyntactic Change in Five Western European Languages.
Entropy (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Linguistics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
This study examines the relationship between morphological complexity and word order rigidity, addressing a gap in the literature regarding causality in linguistic changes. While prior research suggests that the loss of inflectional morphology correlates with the adoption of fixed word order, this study shifts the focus from correlation to causation. By employing Kolmogorov complexity as a measure of linguistic complexity alongside Granger Causality to examine causal relationships, we analyzed data from Germanic and Romance languages over time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparative effectiveness of antipsychotic treatment strategies for relapse prevention in first-episode schizophrenia in Finland: a population-based cohort study.
Lancet Psychiatry
February 2025
Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm City Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Background: The best pharmacological treatment practices for relapse prevention in patients with first-episode schizophrenia are unclear. We aimed to assess different treatment strategies used before and after the first relapse, and their associations with subsequent relapse risk.
Methods: In this population-based cohort study, we enrolled individuals (aged ≤45 years) with first-episode schizophrenia who were hospitalised and subsequently relapsed between 1996 and 2014 from the nationwide Finnish Hospital Discharge Register.
Retrospective Analyses of Stability and Variability in Relative Age Effects of Handball Talents Over Seventeen Years.
Sports Med Open
January 2025
Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada.
In the last thirty years research on relative age effects (RAEs) has exploded in numbers. However, the stability and variability of these effects have hardly been investigated. The three aims of this retrospective study were first to investigate the stability and variability of RAEs over 17 years, second to compare these effects for young female and male athletes, and third to compare these effects between selected and non-selected athletes relative to variability estimates from 17 years prior to assess possible changes in athlete development trends.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenomics yields biological and phenotypic insights into bipolar disorder.
Nature
January 2025
Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Bipolar disorder is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease. Despite high heritability (60-80%), the majority of the underlying genetic determinants remain unknown. We analysed data from participants of European, East Asian, African American and Latino ancestries (n = 158,036 cases with bipolar disorder, 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMitochondrial protein import stress.
Nat Cell Biol
January 2025
Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Mitochondria have to import a large number of precursor proteins from the cytosol. Chaperones keep these proteins in a largely unfolded state and guide them to the mitochondrial import sites. Premature folding, mitochondrial stress and import defects can cause clogging of import sites and accumulation of non-imported precursors, representing a critical burden for cellular proteostasis.
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