Post-transplant bone disease is common in solid organ recipients; however, there is limited information on their pre-transplant bone status. We aimed to compare bone mineral density (BMD) in different categories of patients with end-stage organ failure awaiting transplantation (Tx) in Norway. Overall 291 adult patients were enrolled, including 60, 84, 81 and 66 patients with end-stage lung, liver, kidney and heart failure, respectively. Mean age was 51 ± 12 yr with no significant differences between the groups. We measured BMD in lumbar spine, femur, proximal one third and ultra-distal radius by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Differences in T- and Z-scores between the groups were compared by ANOVA. Low bone mass was found in all four groups of patients. Both T- and Z-scores differed (p < 0.05) at all measured sites between the groups. Patients with lung failure had the highest prevalence of osteoporosis (67%) and lowest Z-scores, followed by patients with liver (31%), kidney (24%), and heart (23%) failure. Osteoporosis is prevalent in all groups of organ transplant candidates, and poor bone health is remarkably pronounced in patients with chronic lung disease. General practitioners and specialists who care for these patients before they are referred for transplantation should consider measures to prevent osteoporosis at an earlier stage.
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Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) agitation is a distressing neuropsychiatric symptom characterized by excessive motor activity, verbal aggression, or physical aggression. Agitation is one of the causes of caregiver distress, increased morbidity and mortality, and early institutionalization in patients with AD. Current medications used for the management of agitation have modest efficacy and have substantial side effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the formation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of tau aggregates. Research in animal models has generated hypotheses on the underlying mechanisms of the interaction between Aβ and tau pathology. In support of this interaction, results from clinical trials have shown that treatment with anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) affects tau pathology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: There is an urgent need for new therapeutic and diagnostic targets for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dementia afflicts roughly 55 million individuals worldwide, and the prevalence is increasing with longer lifespans and the absence of preventive therapies. Given the demonstrated heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease in biological and genetic components, it is critical to identify new therapeutic approaches.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The therapeutic management of dementia with Lewy bodies (LBD) is a challenge given the high sensitivity to drugs in this disease. This is particularly sensitive with regard to the management of parkinsonism. In particular, treatment of motor symptoms with levodopa or dopaminergic agonists poses a risk of worsening cognitive and behavioral symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Clinical outcome assessments (COAs) are an important part of clinical trials to measure what is meaningful to patients and caregivers. This study aimed to examine trends in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) COAs used in clinical trials, given the FDA's recent emphasis on patient-focused drug development and early AD.
Method: ClinicalTrials.
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