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Leveraging Transformers-based models and linked data for deep phenotyping in radiology.
Comput Methods Programs Biomed
January 2025
Laberit, Avda. de Catalunya, 9, València, 46020, Spain.
Background And Objective: Despite significant investments in the normalization and the standardization of Electronic Health Records (EHRs), free text is still the rule rather than the exception in clinical notes. The use of free text has implications in data reuse methods used for supporting clinical research since the query mechanisms used in cohort definition and patient matching are mainly based on structured data and clinical terminologies. This study aims to develop a method for the secondary use of clinical text by: (a) using Natural Language Processing (NLP) for tagging clinical notes with biomedical terminology; and (b) designing an ontology that maps and classifies all the identified tags to various terminologies and allows for running phenotyping queries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: After the landmark approval of the Aβ-lowering antibody for treatment of mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), it has intensified the need to stratify patients based on the likelihood that they will benefit from any amyloid-lowering treatments currently in the pipeline. We therefore seek to identify individuals most likely to benefit from Aβ-lowering drugs by estimating intervention effect based on counterfactual reasoning for longitudinal cognitive decline at the individual level.
Method: We utilized 3,542 T1-weighted magnetic resonance images from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), involving 3,103 Alzheimer's patients and 439 cognitively normal individuals.
Cognitive biases in osteopathic diagnosis: a mixed study among French osteopaths.
Diagnosis (Berl)
January 2025
Scientific and Osteopathic Research Department, Institut de Formation en Ostéopathie du Grand Avignon IFO-GA, Avignon, France.
Objectives: Although cognitive biases are one of the most frequent causes of diagnostic errors, their influence remains underestimated in allied health professions, especially in osteopathy. Yet, a part of osteopathic clinical reasoning and diagnosis rely on the practitioner's intuition and subjective haptic perceptions. The aim of this study is to highlight links between the cognitive biases perceived by the practitioner to understand cognitive patterns during osteopathic diagnosis, and to suggest debiasing strategies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeveloping Topics.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy, Italy.
Background: Current evidence on non-pharmacological treatments in Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) are relatively few and limited by small sample sizes. The goal of this pilot study was to test the efficacy of a new multimodal treatment that combines Tele-Neurorehabilitation and "Bright Light" Therapy (BLT) in a sample of DLB patients.
Method: Eighteen DLB patients (7F; 74.
Developing Topics.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Background: In a landscape where both cognitive decline and diabetes are on the ascent globally, an increasingly pertinent question emerges: what interconnections exist between dementia and diabetes in older individuals? Cognitive impairment is a decline in mental abilities that affects memory, attention, reasoning, and other cognitive functions leading to dementia. Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, as well as vascular complications that damage the brain. Several studies have shown that type 2 diabetes and hypertension can impair blood-brain barrier integrity, cerebral circulation, glucose metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and amyloid-beta production in the brain.
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