Adenosine A(1) receptors contribute to mitochondria vulnerability to pro-oxidant stressors.

A(1) adenosine receptors are highly expressed in the central nervous system. Mitochondrial function is a major player in adenosine receptors-mediated effects. Here, by using mice with genetic deletion of the A(1) receptor, we addressed the existence of a relationship between mitochondria functions and adenosine A(1) receptor. Mitochondrial functions and effects of MPP(+) in primary mixed cultures are influenced by the presence of the A(1) receptor, demonstrating, for the first time, the mitochondrial localization of the adenosine A(1) receptor and suggesting a role for this receptor as a mitochondrial vulnerability factor.