The heterodimer thyrostimulin, comprised of two novel glycoprotein hormone subunits GPA2 and GPB5, activates the TSH receptor. To understand its role in the regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT-) axis, we evaluated juvenile and adult GPB5 knock-out (GPB5(-/-)) and wild type mice (WT) during euthyroidism, hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis. Surprisingly, juvenile euthyroid GPB5(-/-) mice displayed marked hypothyroxinemia (25% lower serum T(4), unchanged TSH) and also during thyrotoxicosis juvenile GPB5(-/-) mice had 25% lower serum T(4), compared to WT. During hypothyroidism, despite similar serum T(4), pituitary TSHbeta mRNA was 2-fold lower in GPB5(-/-) mice compared to WT. Adult mice displayed increased pituitary deiodinase type 2 during euthyroidism and decreased serum T(4) during hypothyroidism in GPB5(-/-). Thus, lacking GPB5 results in moderate deviations of the HPT-axis. The more pronounced differences observed in juvenile mice compared to adult mice are in agreement with the notion that GPB5 has a role during development.
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Thyrostimulin is a glycoprotein heterodimer of GPA2 and GPB5, first described in 2002. It is involved in the physiological function of several tissues. Moreover, evidence points towards the ability of thyrostimulin's individual monomers to induce a biological effect, which could denote the circulatory/systemic effects of the molecule when found in higher concentrations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThyrostimulin Regulates Osteoblastic Bone Formation During Early Skeletal Development.
Endocrinology
September 2015
Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (J.H.D.B., J.G.L., A.G., J.B.C., E.M., G.R.W.), Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN United Kingdom; Department of Endocrinology (A.v.d.S., C.v.Z., A.Boe.), Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Bone Biology Program (J.D., P.I.C.), Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010 Australia; and Centre for Oral Growth and Development (A.Boy.), Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS United Kingdom.
The ancestral glycoprotein hormone thyrostimulin is a heterodimer of unique glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha (GPA)2 and glycoprotein hormone subunit beta (GPB)5 subunits with high affinity for the TSH receptor. Transgenic overexpression of GPB5 in mice results in cranial abnormalities, but the role of thyrostimulin in bone remains unknown. We hypothesized that thyrostimulin exerts paracrine actions in bone and determined: 1) GPA2 and GPB5 expression in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, 2) the skeletal consequences of thyrostimulin deficiency in GPB5 knockout (KO) mice, and 3) osteoblast and osteoclast responses to thyrostimulin treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThyrostimulin deficiency does not alter peripheral responses to acute inflammation-induced nonthyroidal illness.
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
September 2014
Department of Endocrinology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
Thyrostimulin, a putative glycoprotein hormone, comprises the subunits GPA2 and GPB5 and activates the TSH receptor (TSHR). The observation that proinflammatory cytokines stimulate GPB5 transcription suggested a role for thyrostimulin in the pathogenesis of nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS). In the present study, we induced acute inflammation by LPS administration to GPB5(-/-) and WT mice to evaluate the role of thyrostimulin in peripheral thyroid hormone metabolism during NTIS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcute inflammation increases pituitary and hypothalamic glycoprotein hormone subunit B5 mRNA expression in association with decreased thyrotrophin receptor mRNA expression in mice.
J Neuroendocrinol
April 2011
Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
The biological function of thyrostimulin, consisting of the GPA2 and GPB5 subunit, is currently poorly understood. The recent observation that pro-inflammatory cytokines up-regulate the transcription of GPB5 in vitro suggested a role for thyrostimulin in the nonthyroidal illness syndrome, a state of altered thyroid hormone metabolism occurring during illness. In the present study, we used GPB5 knockout (GPB5(-/-) ) and wild-type (WT) mice to evaluate the role of GPB5 in the pituitary and hypothalamus during acute inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, bacterial endotoxin) administration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransient hypothyroxinemia in juvenile glycoprotein hormone subunit B5 knock-out mice.
Mol Cell Endocrinol
June 2010
Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
The heterodimer thyrostimulin, comprised of two novel glycoprotein hormone subunits GPA2 and GPB5, activates the TSH receptor. To understand its role in the regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT-) axis, we evaluated juvenile and adult GPB5 knock-out (GPB5(-/-)) and wild type mice (WT) during euthyroidism, hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis. Surprisingly, juvenile euthyroid GPB5(-/-) mice displayed marked hypothyroxinemia (25% lower serum T(4), unchanged TSH) and also during thyrotoxicosis juvenile GPB5(-/-) mice had 25% lower serum T(4), compared to WT.
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