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Using Large Language Models to Detect and Understand Drug Discontinuation Events in Web-Based Forums: Development and Validation Study.
J Med Internet Res
January 2025
Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The University of Florida, GAINESVILLE, FL, United States.
Background: The implementation of large language models (LLMs), such as BART (Bidirectional and Auto-Regressive Transformers) and GPT-4, has revolutionized the extraction of insights from unstructured text. These advancements have expanded into health care, allowing analysis of social media for public health insights. However, the detection of drug discontinuation events (DDEs) remains underexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrition Users' Guides: RCTs Part 2 - structured guide for interpreting and applying study results from randomised controlled trials on therapy or prevention questions.
BMJ Nutr Prev Health
August 2024
Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
This article continues from a prior commentary on evaluating the risk of bias in randomised controlled trials addressing nutritional interventions. Having provided a synopsis of the risk of bias issues, we now address how to understand trial results, including the interpretation of best estimates of effect and the corresponding precision (eg, 95% CIs), as well as the applicability of the evidence to patients based on their unique circumstances (eg, patients' values and preferences when trading off potential desirable and undesirable health outcomes and indicators (eg, cholesterol), and the potential burden and cost of an intervention). Authors can express the estimates of effect for health outcomes and indicators in relative terms (relative risks, relative risk reductions, OR or HRs)-measures that are generally consistent across populations-and absolute terms (risk differences)-measures that are more intuitive to clinicians and patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGaining stakeholder perspectives to shape a produce prescription program to improve maternal and birth outcomes: a qualitative study.
Front Public Health
January 2025
Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States.
Introduction: Nutrition during pregnancy significantly impacts maternal and birth outcomes. A key factor contributing to the rise in adverse maternal and birth outcomes is poor nutrition. Produce prescription programs have the potential to address pregnancy-related adverse outcomes such as hypertensive disorders and gestational diabetes, but scientific evidence is limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPerspectives of Hospital Medicine Providers on the Management of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Patients with Dementia.
J Gen Intern Med
January 2025
Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, USA.
Background: Oropharyngeal dysphagia (dysphagia) is a common (up to 86%) and devastating syndrome in hospitalized older adults with dementia.
Objective: To describe the perspectives of dysphagia management in hospitalized patients with dementia among hospital medicine providers (i.e.
Background And Aims: Survey based studies show a high prevalence of endoscopy related injury (ERI). This survey aims to provide data regarding the type of design changes to the colonoscope that would be most beneficial for gastroenterologists and facilitate user-centered design changes.
Methods: A 26-item anonymous, electronic, multiple-choice survey was answered by 455 gastroenterologists.
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