Preoperative radiochemotherapy in t3 operable low rectal cancers: a gold standard?

World J Surg

Department of Medical and Surgical Critical Care, Section of General and Oncological Surgery, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Published: July 2010

Background: Preoperative chemoradiation followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) has become a standard treatment of preoperatively staged T3 low rectal cancers in many institutions; however, a direct comparison of generalized preoperative versus selective adjuvant chemoradiation has never been assessed in a clinical practice setting.

Patients: Over a 4-year period, 80 patients with T3 primary low adenocarcinoma of the rectum, judged operable at preoperative staging, were offered preoperative chemoradiation. Forty-seven patients (Group I) accepted the neoadjuvant treatment and 33 (Group II) preferred immediate surgery and postoperative chemoradiation if indicated.

Results: Major postoperative complications occurred in 21% of Group I versus in 11% of Group II (p = 0.3) patients. After a mean follow-up of 92 months, the local recurrence rate was 4 and 9% (p = 0.4), metastasis rate was 30 and 24% (p = 0.5), 5-year survival probability was 0.79 (95% CI = 0.49-0.92) and 0.82 (95% CI = 0.70-1.00) (log-rank test, p = 0.6) for Group I and Group II, respectively.

Conclusions: In T3 operable low rectal cancers, selective postoperative radiochemotherapy yielded similar long-term results regarding recurrence rate and survival as extended preoperative chemoradiation.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00268-010-0513-5DOI Listing

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