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The Vacc-SeqQC project: Benchmarking RNA-Seq for clinical vaccine studies.
Front Immunol
February 2023
Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
Introduction: Over the last decade, the field of systems vaccinology has emerged, in which high throughput transcriptomics and other omics assays are used to probe changes of the innate and adaptive immune system in response to vaccination. The goal of this study was to benchmark key technical and analytical parameters of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in the context of a multi-site, double-blind randomized vaccine clinical trial.
Methods: We collected longitudinal peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from 10 subjects before and after vaccination with a live attenuated vaccine and performed RNA-Seq at two different sites using aliquots from the same sample to generate two replicate datasets (5 time points for 50 samples each).
Physiological Responses to Multiple Low-Doses of Spores in the Rabbit Model of Inhalation Anthrax.
Pathogens
October 2020
Institutional Office of Regulated Nonclinical Studies, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
spores that are re-aerosolized from surface deposits after initial contamination present significant health risks for personnel involved in decontamination. To model repeated exposure to low dose spores, three groups of seven rabbits were challenged with multiple low-doses of spores 5 days a week for 3 weeks. Mortality, body temperature, heart and respiration rates, hematology, C-reactive protein, bacteremia, and serum protective antigen were monitored for 21 days post-exposure after the last of multiple doses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPotency determination of ricin toxin using a monoclonal antibody-based competition assay.
J Immunol Methods
November 2020
Division of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12201, United States of America. Electronic address:
Mouse challenge studies with death as an endpoint remain the gold standard in assessing the potency of ricin toxin, a Category B biothreat agent derived from the castor bean (Ricinus communis). However, animal studies are expensive, time consuming and ethically concerning. In an effort to reduce reliance on animals in vaccine development, we developed a monoclonal antibody (MAb)-based ricin competition ELISA (RiCoE) that indicates conformation integrity of ricin toxin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhysiological Responses to a Single Low-Dose of Spores in the Rabbit Model of Inhalational Anthrax.
Pathogens
June 2020
Institutional Office of Regulated Nonclinical Studies, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
Credible dose-response relationships are needed to more accurately assess the risk posed by exposure to low-level contamination during or following a release. To begin to fill this knowledge gap, New Zealand White rabbits were implanted with D70-PCT telemetry transmitters and subsequently aerosol challenged with average inhaled doses of 2.86 x 10 to 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparison of the performance of an amplicon sequencing assay based on Oxford Nanopore technology to real-time PCR assays for detecting bacterial biodefense pathogens.
BMC Genomics
February 2020
Defense Biological Product Assurance Office, JPEO-CBRND Enabling Biotechnologies (JPEO-CBRND-EB), 110 Thomas Johnson Drive, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The current standard for detecting biodefense pathogens using nucleic acid tests mainly relies on singleplex real-time PCR assays, which analyze one target at a time, creating a bottleneck for efficient screening of multiple pathogens.
- To tackle this issue, researchers developed a new method that utilizes a 14-plex end-point PCR assay and sequencing technology from Oxford Nanopore, enabling simultaneous analysis of multiple samples and increasing detection sensitivity.
- Their findings show that the sequencing approach can detect pathogens with significantly lower limits than traditional real-time PCR, making it about 100 times more sensitive and allowing for faster, more efficient biosurveillance.
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