The purpose of this review was to describe and discuss the current spectrum of coinfections in Ixodidae ticks and their effects on the transmission of blood microparasites. Coinfections with Borrelia burgdorferi s. l. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum and/or Babesia sp. in ticks from Poland appear to be common, however, the potential influence on transmission dynamics, the mechanism of genetic variation and the ecology of interactions between pathogens remain poorly understood compared with infections by single pathogen.
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