Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
IKKbeta is a subunit of the IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex required for NF-kappaB activation in response to pro-inflammatory signals. NF-kappaB regulates the expression of many genes involved in inflammation, immunity, and apoptosis, and also controls cell proliferation and differentiation in different tissues; however, its function in skin physiopathology remains controversial. In this study we report the alterations caused by increased IKKbeta activity in skin basal cells of transgenic mice. These animals suffered chronic inflammation with abundant macrophages and other CD45(+) infiltrating cells in the skin, which resulted in epidermal basal cell injury and degeneration of hair follicles. They showed histological features characteristic of interface dermatitis (ID). This phenotype is accompanied by an increased production of inflammatory cytokines by transgenic keratinocytes. Accordingly, transcriptome studies show upregulation of genes associated with inflammatory responses. The inflammatory phenotype observed as a consequence of IKKbeta overexpression is independent of T and B lymphocytes, as it also arises in mice lacking these cell types. In summary, our data indicate the importance of IKKbeta in the development of ID and in the homeostasis of stratified epithelia. Our results also support the idea that IKKbeta might be a valid therapeutic target for the treatment of skin inflammatory diseases.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2010.28 | DOI Listing |
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