[Global diversity of durum wheat Triticum durum desf. for alleles of gliadin-coding loci].

Genetic diversity for the alleles of gliadin-coding loci was studied with 465 durum wheat cultivars from 42 countries. A total of 108 alleles were identified for four loci; 60 alleles were described for the first time. Broad diversity of rare gliadin-coding alleles was observed. The highest genetic diversity was characteristic of durum wheat cultivars from the Middle East, Trans-Caucasia, the Pyrenean Peninsula, and the Balkans. Two genetically isolated ancient branches were isolated. A southern branch included mostly cultivars from the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, and Trans-Caucasia. A northern branch included Russian and Ukrainian durum wheat cultivars and varieties obtained on their basis. An additional group included durum wheat cultivars that had been obtained in several past decades on the basis of the material of international breeding centers (CIMMYT and ICARDA) and had low genetic diversity.