Coenzyme Q (Q) is a key component for bioenergetics and antioxidant protection in the cell. During the last years, research on diseases linked to Q-deficiency has highlighted the essential role of this lipid in cell physiology. Q levels are also affected during aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, therapies based on dietary supplementation with Q must be considered in cases of Q deficiency such as in aging. However, the low bioavailability of dietary Q for muscle and brain obligates to design new mechanisms to increase the uptake of this compound in these tissues. In the present review we show a complete picture of the different functions of Q in cell physiology and their relationship to age and age-related diseases. Furthermore, we describe the problems associated with dietary Q uptake and the mechanisms currently used to increase its uptake or even its biosynthesis in cells. Strategies to increase Q levels in tissues are indicated.
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