We aimed to study tracer kinetics in radioisotope (RI) cisternography. For this purpose, we analyzed the RI images of 36 individuals in whom absence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage was confirmed. For the semiquantitative assessment of tracer clearance, the geometric mean of the RI count in the anterior and posterior images was obtained for the entire head as well as for the whole spinal axis. After correcting for the radioactive decay of the tracer, tracer clearance was expressed as a ratio of the count in the range of the whole CSF space at different time points to that at the time of tracer delivery. Tracer clearance from the CSF space was not related to the degree of cranial transport of the tracer in 1 hour, but was significantly related with the age of the patients. At 24 hours after the injection, tracer clearance was significantly faster in the younger patients (Group I: age < 40 years) than in the older patients (Group II: age > or = 40 years). The cranial transport of the tracer appeared to be rapid in group I; however, the difference between these 2 groups was not significant. These results indicate that age should be taken in account while establishing the reference values for tracer kinetics in normal individuals.
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Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy.
Background: Understanding the neuronal mechanisms of learning and memory is one of the major goals in neurophysiology and neuropsychology. Disorders related to memory consolidation are often the consequences of dynamic plasticity changes, which may lead to a reduction in spine number and density, impairing neural networks. Sleep is one of the major physiological prerequisites for memory consolidation, especially during NREM sleepwhen glymphatic system clearance takes place, too.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOphthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg
December 2024
Adnexal Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
Purpose: To relate dacryoscintillographic features to presenting symptoms and signs for watery-eyed patients with patent drainage systems.
Methods: Retrospective case note and imaging review for patients with watering eye(s) and clinical evidence of impaired tear drainage who underwent dacryoscintillography (DSG). Three DSG features were graded, along with 4 symptoms, 7 signs, and the degree of fluid reflux and nasal fluid passage on gentle syringing.
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging
December 2024
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Str., Xicheng Dist, Beijing, 100034, China.
Purpose: CD38 is a glycoprotein highly specific to multiple myeloma (MM). Therapeutics using antibodies targeting CD38 have shown promising efficacy. However, the efficient stratification of patients who may benefit from daratumumab (Dara) therapy and timely monitoring of therapeutic responses remain significant clinical challenges.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFiScience
December 2024
Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Brain waste clearance from the interstitial fluid environment is challenging to measure, which has contributed to controversy regarding the significance of glymphatic transport impairment for neurodegenerative processes. Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) with cerebrospinal fluid administration of Gd-tagged tracers is often used to assess glymphatic system function. We previously quantified glymphatic transport from DCE-MRI data utilizing regularized optimal mass transport (rOMT) analysis, however, information specific to glymphatic clearance was not directly derived.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Pharm
December 2024
Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States.
Nanobodies, or single-domain antibody fragments, are promising candidates for molecular imaging due to their small size, rapid tissue penetration, and high target specificity. However, a significant challenge in their use is high renal uptake and retention, which can limit the therapeutic efficacy and complicate image interpretation. This study compares five different fluorine-18-labeled prosthetic groups for nanobodies, aiming to optimize pharmacokinetics and minimize kidney retention while maintaining tumor targeting.
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