Cognitive control refers to the ability to perform task-relevant processing in the face of other distractions or other forms of interference, in the absence of strong environmental support. It depends on the integrity of the prefrontal cortex and associated biological structures (e.g., the basal ganglia). Computational models have played an influential role in developing our understanding of this system, and we review current developments in three major areas: dynamic gating of prefrontal representations, hierarchies in the prefrontal cortex, and reward, motivation, and goal-related processing in prefrontal cortex. Models in these and other areas are advancing the field further forward.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2010.01.008 | DOI Listing |
JAMA Netw Open
January 2025
Laboratory of NeuroImaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland.
Importance: Cannabis use has increased globally, but its effects on brain function are not fully known, highlighting the need to better determine recent and long-term brain activation outcomes of cannabis use.
Objective: To examine the association of lifetime history of heavy cannabis use and recent cannabis use with brain activation across a range of brain functions in a large sample of young adults in the US.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used data (2017 release) from the Human Connectome Project (collected between August 2012 and 2015).
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
Stress is linked to oxidative imbalance, neuroendocrine system malfunction, and cognitive dysfunction. It is a recognized cause of neuropsychiatric diseases. Natural flavonoid apigenin (API) has neuroprotective and antidepressant properties, but little is known about its potential in restoring memory function under stress-related circumstances.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObesity (Silver Spring)
February 2025
Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate underlying mechanisms of long-term effective weight loss after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and effects on the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and cognition.
Methods: A total of 18 individuals with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m) underwent LSG. Clinical data, cognitive scores, and brain magnetic resonance imaging scans were evaluated before LSG and 12 months after LSG.
J Endocrinol
January 2025
K Soma, Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Maternal diet has long-term effects on offspring brain development and behavior. Sucrose (table sugar) intakes are high in modern diets, but it is not clear how a maternal high-sucrose diet (HSD) affects the offspring. In rats, a maternal HSD (26% of calories from sucrose, which is human-relevant) alters maternal metabolism and brain and also alters adult offspring endocrinology and behavior in a sex-specific manner.
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