Dietary fat accumulates in lipid droplets or endolysosomal compartments that undergo selective expansion under normal or pathophysiological conditions. We find that genetic defects in a peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway cause size expansion in lipid droplets that are distinct from the lysosome-related organelles in Caenorhabditis elegans. Expansion of lipid droplets is accompanied by an increase in triglycerides (TAG) that are resistant to fasting- or TAG lipase-triggered lipolysis. Nevertheless, in mutant animals, a diet poor in vaccenic acid reduced the TAG level and lipid droplet size. Our results implicate peroxisomal dysfunction in pathologic lipid droplet expansion in animals and illustrate how dietary factors modulate the phenotype of such genetic defects.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0912308107 | DOI Listing |
Soft Matter
January 2025
Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
The impact of animal-based food production on climate change drives the development of plant-based alternatives. We demonstrate the use of colloidal thermogelation on a real nanoemulsion system to create structured gels that could be of interest for thermo-mechanical processing of next-generation plant-based food applications. We use a commercial pea protein isolate (PPI) without further purification to stabilize a 20 vol% peanut oil-in-water nanoemulsion at pH = 7 by high-pressure homogenization (HPH) and demonstrate the temperature induced gelation behavior of the nanoemulsion as a function of the HPH processing parameters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemistry
January 2025
Shiv Nadar University, CHEMISTRY, NH 91, TEHSIL DADRI, GAUSTAM BUDHA NAGAR, 201314, GREATER NOIDA, INDIA.
Since death is an inevitable phenomenon, exploring cell deaths holds importance. During this process, the cellular microenvironment within cells such as pH, polarity, viscosity etc alter. One such microenvironment, viscosity elevates during different cell deaths.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInflammation
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in multiple neurological diseases. We have previously found that Atglistatin, the mouse Adipose Triglyceride Lipase (ATGL) inhibitor, could promote lipid droplets (LDs) accumulation and suppress LPS-induced neuroinflammation in mouse microglia. However, Atglistatin was species-selective, which limited its use in clinical settings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Background: Lipid dysregulation is a known feature of Alzheimer's Disease. Importantly, alterations in lipids pathways affect immune responses in cells like microglia, which have been shown to accumulate cholesterol in both aging and neurodegeneration. Recently, the presence of TDP-43 inclusions has been linked to increased severity of cognitive impairment in AD patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Background: Microglial processing and recycling of debris is implicated in AD. AD GWAS loci are enriched for genes in efferocytosis, phagocytosis, endosomal trafficking and cholesterol efflux. Acting as a buffer, lipid droplets increase as a consequence of an imbalance between lipid debris influx and efflux rates.
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