Sleep plays an important role in learning, memory encoding, and cognition. Insufficient quantity or quality of sleep leads not only to short-term neurocognitive dysfunction but also to permanent changes to the central nervous system. Sleep disorders are common in the geriatric population. The hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation resulting from obstructive sleep apnea are the most likely pathophysiology responsible for damage to the brain. Because treatment of these sleep disorders can lead to improved cognitive function, it is becoming increasingly important for physicians to be able to correctly recognize and treat these disorders in patients presenting with memory or cognitive complaints.
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