Background: The early institution of feeding in patients who need postpyloric feeding tubes is often hampered by a limited availability of endoscopists experienced in safe tube positioning.
Objective: To test the feasibility of having nurses place postpyloric feeding tubes by using a universal path finding system device.
Design: Prospective study.
Setting: Academic hospital.
Patients: The success rate and learning curve of a senior nurse placing postpyloric feeding tubes in 50 patients was studied, followed by a study in 160 patients on the success rates and learning curves of 4 inexperienced nurses instructed by the senior nurse. Finally, the success rate of postpyloric feeding tube placement by the senior nurse in 50 critically ill patients was investigated.
Intervention: Postpyloric feeding tube positioning by nurses using an electromagnetic universal path-finding system device enabling them to follow the path of the tip of the feeding tube on a monitor screen.
Main Outcome Measurements: Success was defined by postpyloric positioning of the feeding tube. The ultimate aim was to reach at least the duodenojejunal flexure.
Results: In the first part, the senior nurse was successful in 72% of cases. There was a clear learning curve. In the second part, the 4 newly instructed nurses had a success rate of 89.4% without an evident learning curve. In the third part, successful feeding tube positioning was achieved in 78% of critically ill patients. Of the 217 successfully positioned tubes, 74% reached at least the duodenojejunal flexure. In half of the unsuccessful cases, an explanation for the failure was found at endoscopy. No complications were seen.
Limitations: The generalization to less-specialized hospitals should be investigated.
Conclusion: Postpyloric positioning of feeding tubes by nurses at the bedside without endoscopy is feasible and safe. Nurses may take over some of the tasks of doctors in a time of high endoscopic needs.
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