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During recent decades, a tick-borne rickettsial syndrome, characterized by eschar and painful lymphadenopathy after -bite, has been described as an emerging rickettsiosis in Europe. Our group named it DEBONEL (-borne-necrosis-erythema-lymphadenopathy), regarding the vector and the main infection signs. Other groups called it TIBOLA (tick-borne-lymphadenophathy) and, later, SENLAT (scalp-eschar-and-neck-lymphadenopathy-after-tick-bite), expanding, in the latter, the etiological spectrum to other pathogens.

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The entity called tick-borne lymphadenopathy, also known as dermacentor-borne necrosis eritema lymphadenopathy, is included in the differential diagnosis of diseases transmitted by ticks, which have increased considerably in recent years due to greater clinical-epidemiological observation and diagnostic improvement. It is a zoonosis caused by Rickettsia slovaca and transmitted by the bite of the Dermacentor marginatus tick. Affected patients have a necrotic eschar surrounded by an erythematous halo in the scalp, as well as painful regional lymphadenopathy.

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Assessment of Domestic Goats as Models for Experimental and Natural Infection with the North American Isolate of Rickettsia slovaca.

PLoS One

May 2017

Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.

Rickettsia slovaca is a tick-borne human pathogen that is associated with scalp eschars and neck lymphadenopathy known as tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA) or Dermacentor-borne necrosis erythema and lymphadenopathy (DEBONEL). Originally, R. slovaca was described in Eastern Europe, but since recognition of its pathogenicity, human cases have been reported throughout Europe.

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First report of Rickettsia raoultii in field collected Dermacentor reticulatus ticks from Austria.

Ticks Tick Borne Dis

July 2016

Institute of Vertebrate Biology, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address:

In a set of pooled field collected Dermacentor reticulatus ticks, Rickettsia raoultii, the causative agent of Tick-borne lymphadenopathy/Dermacentor-borne necrosis erythema and lymphadenopathy, was found for the first time in Austria. The coordinates of the positive locations for tick and pathogen abundance are given and shown in a map.

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