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Cross-societal variation in norm enforcement systems.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
March 2024
Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Across human societies, people are sometimes willing to punish norm violators. Such punishment can take the form of revenge from victims, seemingly altruistic intervention from third parties, or legitimized sanctioning from institutional representatives. Although prior work has documented cross-cultural regularities in norm enforcement, substantial variation exists in the prevalence and forms of punishment across societies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGang confrontation: The case of Medellin (Colombia).
PLoS One
April 2020
Universidad de Antioquia, Instituto de Física, Medellin, Colombia.
Protracted conflict is one of the largest human challenges that have persistently undermined economic and social progress. In recent years, there has been increased emphasis on using statistical and physical science models to better understand both the universal patterns and the underlying mechanics of conflict. Whilst macroscopic power-law fractal patterns have been shown for death-toll in wars and self-excitation models have been shown for roadside ambush attacks, very few works deal with the challenge of complex dynamics between gangs at the intra-city scale.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRevenge: A Multilevel Review and Synthesis.
Annu Rev Psychol
January 2019
Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; email:
Why do people take revenge? This question can be difficult to answer. Vengeance seems interpersonally destructive and antithetical to many of the most basic human instincts. However, an emerging body of social scientific research has begun to illustrate a logic to revenge, demonstrating why revenge evolved in humans and when and how people take revenge.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAsocial balance-how your friends determine your enemies: understanding the co-evolution of friendship and enmity interactions in a virtual world.
J Comput Soc Sci
December 2017
1Section for Science of Complex Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Social interactions take place simultaneously through different interaction types, such as communication, friendship, trade, exchange, enmity, revenge, etc. These interactions can be conveniently described with time-dependent multi-layer networks. Little is known about the dynamics of social network formation on single layers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExploring the Motivations for Punishment: Framing and Country-Level Effects.
PLoS One
August 2017
Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, United Kingdom, WC1H 0AP.
Identifying the motives underpinning punishment is crucial for understanding its evolved function. In principle, punishment of distributional inequality could be motivated by the desire to reciprocate losses ('revenge') or by the desire to reduce payoff asymmetries between the punisher and the target ('inequality aversion'). By separating these two possible motivations, recent work suggests that punishment is more likely to be motivated by disadvantageous inequality aversion than by a desire for revenge.
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