Bovine African trypanosomiasis causes severe economical problems on the African continent and one of the most prominent immunopathological parameters associated with this parasitic infection is anemia. In this report we review the current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying trypanosomiasis-associated anemia. In first instance, the central role of macrophages and particularly their activation state in determining the outcome of the disease (i.e. trypanosusceptibility versus trypanotolerance) will be discussed. In essence, while persistence of classically activated macrophages (M1) contributes to anemia development, switching towards alternatively activated macrophages (M2) alleviates pathology including anemia. Secondly, while parasite-derived glycolipids such as the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) induce M1, host-derived IL-10 blocks M1-mediated inflammation, promotes M2 development and prevents anemia development. In this context, strategies aimed at inducing the M1 to M2 switch, such as GPI-based treatment, adenoviral delivery of IL-10 and induction of IL-10 producing regulatory T cells will be discussed. Finally, the crucial role of iron-homeostasis in trypanosomiasis-associated anemia development will be documented to stress the analogy with anemia of chronic disease (ACD), hereby providing new insight that might contribute to the treatment of ACD.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187153010790827966 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
African Trypanosomiasis-Associated Anemia: The Contribution of the Interplay between Parasites and the Mononuclear Phagocyte System.
Front Immunol
April 2019
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.
African trypanosomosis (AT) is a chronically debilitating parasitic disease of medical and economic importance for the development of sub-Saharan Africa. The trypanosomes that cause this disease are extracellular protozoan parasites that have developed efficient immune escape mechanisms to manipulate the entire host immune response to allow parasite survival and transmission. During the early stage of infection, a profound pro-inflammatory type 1 activation of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), involving classically activated macrophages (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMIF contributes to Trypanosoma brucei associated immunopathogenicity development.
PLoS Pathog
September 2014
Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium; Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium.
African trypanosomiasis is a chronic debilitating disease affecting the health and economic well-being of many people in developing countries. The pathogenicity associated with this disease involves a persistent inflammatory response, whereby M1-type myeloid cells, including Ly6C(high) inflammatory monocytes, are centrally implicated. A comparative gene analysis between trypanosusceptible and trypanotolerant animals identified MIF (macrophage migrating inhibitory factor) as an important pathogenic candidate molecule.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLack of galectin-3 alleviates trypanosomiasis-associated anemia of inflammation.
Immunobiology
March 2011
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
A typical pathological feature associated with experimental African trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma brucei infection in mice) is anemia of chronic disease (ACD), which is due to a sustained type 1 cytokine-mediated inflammation and hyperactivation of M1 macrophages. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) was amply documented to contribute to the onset and persistence of type 1 inflammatory responses and we herein document that this protein is strongly upregulated during T. brucei infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe central role of macrophages in trypanosomiasis-associated anemia: rationale for therapeutical approaches.
Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets
March 2010
Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.
Bovine African trypanosomiasis causes severe economical problems on the African continent and one of the most prominent immunopathological parameters associated with this parasitic infection is anemia. In this report we review the current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying trypanosomiasis-associated anemia. In first instance, the central role of macrophages and particularly their activation state in determining the outcome of the disease (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRole of iron homeostasis in trypanosomiasis-associated anemia.
Immunobiology
February 2009
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, VIB Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Building E, Level 8, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
Anemia is a well-established infection-associated immunopathological feature of trypanosomiasis and the degree of the anemia is a reliable indicator of the severity of infection. Since infections with trypanosomes triggers a strong cytokine production and a type I immune response, the trypanosome-elicited anemia may be type I cytokine driven. This type of anemia termed anemia of chronic disease is characterized by an imbalance between erythrophagocytosis and erythropoiesis that is linked to a perturbed iron homeostasis including altered iron recycling by macrophages and iron sequestration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!