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Neural Markers of Treatment Response in Pediatric Anxiety and PTSD.
Curr Top Behav Neurosci
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Pediatric anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with elevated threat sensitivity and impaired emotion regulation, accompanied by dysfunction in the neural circuits involved in these processes. Despite established treatments like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, many children do not achieve remission, underscoring the importance of understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of these disorders. This review synthesizes current research on the neural predictors of treatment response and the neurofunctional changes associated with treatment in pediatric anxiety and PTSD during threat and reward processing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHospital-Acquired Pressure Ulcers and Long-Term Motor Score Recovery in Patients With Acute Cervical Spinal Cord Injury.
JAMA Netw Open
December 2024
Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Clinical and Experimental Spinal Cord Injury Research (Neuroparaplegiology), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
Importance: Pressure ulcers (PUs) are (1) prevalent secondary complications after spinal cord injury (SCI), (2) present with elevated systemic inflammatory tone, and (3) may interfere with healing processes underlying neurological recovery (disrepair).
Objective: To investigate whether PUs acquired during initial hospitalization are associated with neurological and functional long-term outcome and survival after SCI.
Design, Setting, And Participants: Multicenter cohort study at 20 centers of the prospective SCI Model Systems (SCIMS) Database (Birmingham, AL).
Longitudinal markers of cognitive procedural learning in fronto-striatal circuits and putative effects of a BDNF plasticity-related variant.
NPJ Sci Learn
November 2024
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
Procedural learning and automatization have widely been studied in behavioral psychology and typically involves a rapid improvement, followed by a plateau in performance throughout repeated training. More recently, brain imaging studies have implicated frontal-striatal brain circuits in skill learning. However, it is largely unknown whether frontal-striatal activation during skill learning and behavioral changes follow a similar learning curve pattern.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA pathophysiologic framework for the overlap of disorders of gut-brain interaction and the role of the gut microbiome.
Gut Microbes
November 2024
Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- * Overlapping DGBI patients tend to have more severe gastrointestinal symptoms and a higher psychosocial burden, influenced by various factors such as gut motility, brain function, immune response, and genetic markers.
- * Recent research indicates that alterations in the gut microbiome may play a crucial role in the mechanisms of DGBI, which could help refine diagnostic and treatment approaches for better patient outcomes.
Paving the way to a neural fate - RNA signatures in naive and trans-differentiating mesenchymal stem cells.
Eur J Cell Biol
December 2024
Saarland University (USAAR), Institute of Human Genetics, Homburg 66421, Germany. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) from the embryonic mesoderm are key for tissue repair and can trans-differentiate into non-mesodermal cell types like neurons, making them promising for treating neurological disorders.
- The study examined RNA expression changes in MSCs as they transitioned to a neural identity, highlighting increases in synapse maturation markers and neuron differentiation markers over the first 48 hours.
- Findings identified critical signaling pathway changes and microRNAs that drive this trans-differentiation process, while also revealing potential risks related to maintaining stemness and implications for neurofunctional abnormalities and tumor development.
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