Psychopharmacology is a powerful approach to the treatment of many psychiatric disorders. In this article I discuss the conceptual and practical issues in relation to the use of mu opioid receptor agonist, antagonist and partial agonist drugs in the treatment of opioid addiction, as this is one therapeutic area where all three types of agents are currently available. The choice of pharmacological agent is largely determined by patient profile, existence of ongoing drug misuse, and the kinetics of the drugs available. These principles, however, can be applied to other disorders as and when other pharmacological approaches become refined in these areas.
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Examination of the mechanisms underlying the discriminative stimulus properties of the atypical antipsychotic amisulpride.
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Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
Amisulpride is an atypical benzamide antipsychotic/antidepressant, whose mechanism of action is thought to depend mainly on dopamine D2/3 receptor activity, but also with some serotonin 5-HT2B/7 effects. The present study examined the role of D2/3 receptors and 5-HT2B/7 receptors in amisulpride's discriminative stimulus. Selective agonists and antagonists of the above receptors were tested in adult, male C57BL/6 mice trained to discriminate 10 mg/kg amisulpride from vehicle in a two-lever drug discrimination assay.
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Rodent Behavioral Core, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Functional Physiological Explorations, University Hospital of Toulouse, Hôpital de Rangueil, Toulouse, France. Electronic address:
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Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
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Curr Biol
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Department of Animal Physiology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany. Electronic address:
In large limbs, changing motor neuron activity typically controls within-movement velocity. For example, sequential agonist-antagonist-agonist motor neuron firing typically underlies the slowing often present at the end of human reaches. In physiological movements of large limbs, antagonistic muscle passive torque is generally negligible.
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