AI Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the link between circulating endogenous estradiol levels and stroke risk in older postmenopausal women, addressing the uncertainty surrounding this relationship.
- Using a prospective case-control design, researchers followed women aged 65 and older, measuring their free estradiol index (FEI) and assessing stroke outcomes over an average of 8 years.
- Results showed that higher FEI levels were associated with increased odds of atherothrombotic stroke, particularly in women with higher central body fat, suggesting that estradiol levels and related mediators like insulin resistance could influence stroke risk.
Article Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that circulating endogenous estradiol is associated with stroke risk in older postmenopausal women. Stroke incidence increases after menopause, when endogenous estrogen levels fall, yet exogenous estrogen increases strokes in older postmenopausal women. The relation between endogenous estrogen and stroke is unclear.
Design: Prospective case-control study.
Setting: Study of Osteoporotic Fractures.
Patients Or Other Participants: Women at least age 65 years (99% follow-up) who were not taking estrogen at baseline.
Main Outcome Measures: Free estradiol index (FEI) was calculated by dividing total estradiol by sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations measured in banked baseline serum. Using logistic regression, odds ratios were estimated for a first-ever atherothrombotic stroke associated with endogenous FEI in 196 women who had a subsequent validated stroke (median follow-up, 8 years) compared with 219 randomly selected women who did not. Potential mediators were assessed in multivariable models.
Results: The age-adjusted odds of atherothrombotic stroke increased with increasing FEI quartiles (P(trend) = .007). Women in the highest FEI quartile had an age-adjusted 2.31-fold (odds ratio, 2.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-4.17) higher odds than women in the lowest quartile. Women with greater central adiposity had a suggestively stronger association (P = .08). Atherogenic dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and C-reactive protein level were potential mediators of this relation.
Conclusions: Endogenous estradiol level is an indicator of stroke risk in older postmenopausal women, especially in those with greater central adiposity. Potential mediators, including atherogenic dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation, might underlie this association. Whether estradiol, independent of atherogenic adiposity, influences such mediators and stroke risk needs to be determined. Estrogen-altering agents might be harmful or beneficial depending on endogenous estradiol levels, especially in women with greater central adiposity.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4406483 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2009.322 | DOI Listing |
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