Comparative investigations of bone regeneration performance for calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO(4).(1/2)H(2)O; CSH) only and CSH with mineralized collagen are reported in this article. The mineralized collagen is the nanohydroxyapatite/collagen (nHAC). The investigations included biocompatibility in vitro and performance of bone repair in vivo. Quantitative and qualitative biocompatibility assays with bone stromal stem cells were performed. A critical box-shaped defect model in the mandible of the rabbit was used to evaluate the bone-remodeling ability of CSH and nHAC/CSH. Results in vitro indicated that the nHAC/CSH significantly improved bioactivity compared with that of CSH, especially in promoting cell adhesion. Further, a higher bone remodeling activity was observed around nHAC/CSH composite than the CSH, especially at the early stage of remodeling. This result means that nHAC/CSH could cause an earlier accelerator and better osseointegration for bone repair than CSH only.
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