[Chagas disease in chronic phase outside the endemic area. The diagnostic tools].

The diagnosis of Chagas disease during the chronic phase is based on serology. Outside South America the use of two methods is recommended by WHO. A third method must be available for inconclusive results but there is no gold standard. A pilot study of screening in 254 Bolivian people living in the Paris area (France) was made. Serological study was performed using IIF and three Elisa, Elisa Cruzi (BioMérieux Brésil), BioElisa Chagas (Bio-kit), and Chagatest Elisa recombinante v. 3.0 (Wiener Lab). 165 patients were negative, 69 positive and 20 inconclusive. PCR-based assays appear to have a better sensitivity than parasitological methods, but not more than 70% that do not justify their use for primary testing. There are no standardized and commercial assays. The primer pairs based on the nuclear sequence TCZ1-TCZ2 seems to be the more specific (no cross reaction with others Trypanosomatidae) and the most sensitive with the strains of the two lineage of Trypanosoma cruzi. PCR would have a role in inconclusive serological cases or in the evaluation of treatment failure.