Immunohistochemical and molecular biomarkers in Coris julis exposed to environmental contaminants.

When a contaminant interacts with biotic components of a marine ecosystem, it causes a series of changes that can compromise an entire community (Stebbing, 1985). This present study wants to focus on changes in the gills of a bioindicator benthic organism, Coris julis, collected in Milazzo (Messina, Italy), characterized by a strong anthropical impact), compared with individuals from the control site (Marinello, Messina). RT-PCR has been used for both MT and HSP70, and the respective mRNAs have been visualized by FISH. MT and HSP70 expression levels increased in individuals collected in Milazzo. The presence of numerous apoptotic and proliferating cells and the analysis of several neuronal markers by immunohistochemical method give information about the adaptation to a heavy metal mixture. The obtained results show that, in stressed fishes, defensive processes increase to maintain the normal functions of the organs more exposed to the action of polluted substances.