The ischiourethralis (IU), a striated perineal muscle presumed to be involved in sexual reflexes, was studied in the rat. The paired muscle arises from the penile crus and the penile bulb and unites in a raphe over the deep dorsal vein of the penis. Retrograde tracing studies show that the muscle is innervated by neurons in the dorsolateral nucleus of the lumbar spinal cord, a pudendal nerve motor nucleus which also innervates the ischiocavernosus muscle. Excision of the IU muscle did not interfere with the ability of males to display normal copulatory behavior, nor did it affect significantly the number and intensity of reflexive erections. It nevertheless remains possible that the IU may contribute to intense glans erection by compressing the deep dorsal vein.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092290207 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan.
Since clinical features of chronic muscle pain originating from the low back and limbs are different (higher prevalence and broader/duller sensation of low back muscle pain than limb muscle pain), spinal and/or supraspinal projection of nociceptive information could differ between the two muscles. We tested this hypothesis using c-Fos immunohistochemistry combined with retrograde-labeling of dorsal horn (DH) neurons projecting to ventrolateral periaqueductal grey (vlPAG) or ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus (VPL) by fluorogold (FG) injections into the vlPAG or VPL. C-Fos expression in the DH was induced by injecting 5% formalin into the multifidus (MF, low back) or gastrocnemius-soleus (GS, limb) muscle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Department of Endocrinology, NRS Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Professionals like deep-miners and factory-workers wear specialized safety-shoes to protect against occupational hazards (OF). The risk factors, clinico-microbiologic profile and complications of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) in these professionals remain unexplored. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted to describe the unique clinico-microbiologic profile of DFU in those wearing occupational-footwear (OF) and find risk factors for DFU related osteomyelitis in them.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Calcium imaging is a key method to record the spiking activity of identified and genetically targeted neurons. However, the observed calcium signals are only an indirect readout of the underlying electrophysiological events (single spikes or bursts of spikes) and require dedicated algorithms to recover the spike rate. These algorithms for spike inference can be optimized using ground truth data from combined electrical and optical recordings, but it is not clear how such optimized algorithms perform on cell types and brain regions for which ground truth does not exist.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet World
November 2024
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Background And Aim: Computed tomographic (CT) images can elucidate the variations of cardiac orientation that this information among dog breeds has never been reported. This study aimed to explore the heart orientations of dogs with different thoracic types and study their effects on vertebral heart score (VHS) measurements using CT images.
Materials And Methods: Thoracic CT images of 115 mature dogs without thoracic abnormalities were retrospectively examined.
Biol Lett
January 2025
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Butterfly wing patterns exhibit notable differences between the dorsal and ventral surfaces, and morphological analyses of them have provided insights into the ecological and behavioural characteristics of wing patterns. Conventional methods for dorsoventral comparisons are constrained by the need for homologous patches or shared features between two surfaces, limiting their applicability across species. We used a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based analysis, which can compare images of the two surfaces without focusing on homologous patches or features, to detect dorsoventral bias in two types of intraspecific variation: sexual dimorphism and mimetic polymorphism.
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