[Multiscale functional imaging: reconstructing network dynamics from the synaptic echoes recorded in a single visual cortex neuron].

In vivo intracellular electrophysiology offers the unique possibility of listening to the "synaptic rumor " of the cortical network, captured by a recording electrode in a single V1 cell. It allows one to reconstruct the distribution of input sources in space and time, i.e. the effective network dynamics. We have used a reverse engineering method to demonstrate the propagation of visually evoked activity through lateral (and feedback) connectivity in the primary cortex of higher mammals. This approach, based on synaptic echography, is compared here with a real-time brain imaging technique based on voltage-sensitive dye imaging. The former method gives access to the microscopic convergence processes of single neurons, whereas the latter describes the macroscopic divergence process on the neuronal map. A combination of the two techniques can be used to elucidate the cortical origin of low-level (non attentive) binding processes participating in the emergence of Gestalt percepts.