Small dose contrast venography as venous mapping in predialysis patients.

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate radiocontrast-induced nephrotoxicity (RIN), and the image quality and findings of venography using small doses of radiocontrast as a venous mapping method in pre-dialysis patients.

Methods: Twenty-eight patients with stage 4 and 5 chronic kidney disease underwent arm venography with 10-15 ml of dilute contrast medium. Image quality, venographic findings and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) before and after the procedure were evaluated.

Results: Mean GFR was 19.3+/-5.8 ml/min/1.73 m2 (7-30 ml/min/1.73 m2). Image quality of venography in the forearm and upper arm veins was good in all patients. Central veins were visualized well in 26 (92.8%) patients. Eight (28.5%) patients showed cephalic veins inadequate for creation of radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) because of occlusion or small diameter veins. There was no significant difference in GFR between the pre- and post-study (19.3+/-5.8 vs. 19.2+/-6.2 ml/min/1.73 m2, p=0.693). RIN developed (GFR: 17 to 13 ml/min/1.73 m2) in only one patient but without sequelae, and the GFR completely recovered to baseline level 7 days after the study.

Conclusion: Small dose venography is safe and effective for venous mapping in pre-dialysis patients.