Objective: To study the effect of cesarean section birth based on different indications on attentiveness in school children.
Methods: A total of 308 school children were assigned to three groups according to their birth model: natural delivery (n = 105), cesarean section due to social factors (n = 101) or medical factors (n = 102). The integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test (IVA-CPT) was performed for assessing attentiveness.
Results: The IVA-CPT demonstrated that there were significant differences in the quotients of combination control, auditory response control, combination attention, auditory attention, visual attention, auditory vigilance, visual concordance, visual vigilance and visual attention among the three groups (p<0.05). The results of the IVA-CPT in the group of cesarean section due to medical factors was obviously poorer than that of the natural delivery group and the group of cesarean section due to social factors. However no significant differences were observed between the groups of natural delivery and of cesarean section due to social factors.
Conclusions: Cesarean section itself has no significant impacts on attentiveness in school children, while medical indications for cesarean section may contribute to major cause of attention deficit disorder.
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JAMA
January 2025
Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Importance: T helper 2 (T2) cells and T helper 17 (T17) cells are CD4+ T cell subtypes involved in asthma. Characterizing asthma endotypes based on these cell types in diverse groups is important for developing effective therapies for youths with asthma.
Objective: To identify asthma endotypes in school-aged youths aged 6 to 20 years by examining the distribution and characteristics of transcriptomic profiles in nasal epithelium.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK.
Objective: The objective of this study is to define the neuropsychiatric challenges including developmental delay, cognitive impairment and psychiatric illness faced by children with perinatally acquired HIV.
Data Sources: Nine databases were searched on 30/05/2023: MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO (all via Ovid SP); CINAHL and Child Development and Adolescent Studies (via EBSCO); the Web of Science Core Collection; Scopus; ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global; and WHO Global Index Medicus. No limits were applied.
JAMA Oncol
January 2025
Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
Importance: Retrieval strategies for children, adolescents, and young adults with relapsed classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) aim to maintain efficacy while minimizing long-term toxic effects. Children, adolescents, and young adults with low-risk, relapsed cHL may benefit from replacing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant with less intensive involved-site radiotherapy (ISRT).
Objective: To evaluate a risk-stratified, response-adapted, transplant-free approach for treatment of children, adolescents, and young adults with low-risk relapsed cHL with nivolumab plus brentuximab vedotin (BV) followed by BV plus bendamustine for patients with suboptimal response and ISRT (30.
JAMA Oncol
January 2025
Department of Pediatric Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.
JAMA Netw Open
January 2025
Office of Global and Population Health, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
Importance: Caries is the most common chronic childhood disease, with substantial health disparities.
Objective: To test whether parent-targeted oral health text (OHT) messages outperform child wellness text (CWT) messages on pediatric caries increment and oral health behaviors among underserved children attending pediatric well-child visits.
Design, Setting, And Participants: The parallel randomized clinical trial, Interactive Parent-Targeted Text Messaging in Pediatric Clinics to Reduce Caries Among Urban Children (iSmile), included participants who were recruited during pediatric medical clinic visits at 4 sites in Boston, Massachusetts, that serve low-income and racially and ethnically diverse (herein, underserved) populations.
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