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Accumulation of nucleotide substitutions occurring during experimental transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus.
J Gen Virol
January 2013
The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
Analysis of full-genome sequences was previously used to trace the origin and transmission pathways of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) outbreaks in the UK in 2001 and 2007. Interpretation of these data was sometimes at variance with conventional epidemiological tracing, and was also used to predict the presence of undisclosed infected premises that were later discovered during serological surveillance. Here we report the genome changes associated with sequential passage of a highly BHK-21-cell-adapted (heparan sulphate-binding) strain of FMDV arising from two independent transmission chains in cattle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnhanced mucosal immune response in cattle persistently infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol
October 2008
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
The mucosal immune response to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) type Asia 1 was examined in experimentally infected cattle by assaying antibodies by the virus-neutralizing test (VNT) and IgA ELISA in two secretory fluids, oesophageal pharyngeal fluid (OPF) and oro-nasal fluid (ONF). Out of 17 animals infected by the intradermo-lingual route, 12 became persistently infected (carriers), as defined by positive antigen capture RT-PCR reactions for FMDV RNA in OPF samples collected at 28 days or later after exposure. This proportion of carriers (71%) with FMDV Asia 1 is comparable to other serotypes of the virus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConsistent change in the B-C loop of VP2 observed in foot-and-mouth disease virus from persistently infected cattle: implications for association with persistence.
Virus Res
April 2007
Institute for Animal Health, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, UK.
The mechanisms of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) persistence are poorly understood. It is thought the existence of viral quasispecies that encompass sub-populations with varying survival competencies and antigenicities may play some role in the maintenance of virus in persistently infected animals. By analyzing nucleotide sequences encoding the viral VP2 protein in oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid (probang) samples from cattle at different stages of infection, the significance of any amino acid changes in relation to persistence was investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluation of automated RT-PCR to accelerate the laboratory diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease virus.
J Virol Methods
February 2003
Pirbright Laboratory, Institute for Animal Health, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, Woking, UK.
Automated fluorogenic (5' nuclease probe-based) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedures were evaluated for the diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) using suspensions of vesicular epithelium, heparinised or clotted blood, milk and oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid ('probang') samples from the United Kingdom (UK) 2001 epidemic and on sera from animals experimentally infected with the outbreak serotype O FMD virus strain. A MagNA Pure LC was initially programmed to automate the nucleic acid extraction and RT procedures with the PCR amplification carried out manually by fluorogenic assay in a GeneAmp 5700 Sequence Detection System. This allowed 32 samples to be tested by one person in a typical working day or 64 samples by two people within 10-12 h.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuantities of infectious virus and viral RNA recovered from sheep and cattle experimentally infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus O UK 2001.
J Gen Virol
August 2002
Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK1.
The profiles of virus production and excretion have been established for sheep experimentally infected with the UK 2001 strain of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus by inoculation and by direct and intensive contact. Virus replicated rapidly in the inoculated sheep, from which a peak infectivity of airborne virus of 10(4.3) TCID(50) per sheep per 24 h was recovered.
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